Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, scientific research continues to make progress in understanding and treating this disease. Some of the most promising advances include: Immunotherapy - Drugs that help the immune system better detect and target cancer cells have shown great success against certain cancers like melanoma and lung cancer. Continued research is expanding immunotherapies to benefit more cancer types. Targeted therapy - Some treatments precisely identify and attack cancer cells based on the genes and proteins that fuel their growth. Examples are HER2 inhibitors for breast cancer and BRAF inhibitors for melanoma. More molecular targets are being discovered. Cancer vaccines - Vaccines that activate the immune system against cancer proteins are being studied. The HPV vaccine has already proven effective in reducing cervical cancers. Vaccines for other cancers like lymphoma are in development. Combination therapies - Current treatments are being used in combination to enhance effectiveness. For instance, pairing radiation therapy with immunotherapy provides a synergistic effect.